This readme.txt file was generated on 2023-10-09 by Angelique D. Dahlberg Recommended citation for the data: Angelique D. Dahlberg; Waller, Diane L.; Severson, Todd J., Barbour, Matthew T.; Meulemans, Matthew; Wise, Jeremy K.; Bajcz, Alex W.; Jankowski, Mark; Phelps, Nicholas B. D. (2023). Data for refining copper concentrations using the Biotic Ligand Model to maximize zebra mussel control while minimizing non-target effects. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota, LINK. ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- 1. Title of Dataset Data: refining copper concentrations using the Biotic Ligand Model to maximize zebra mussel control while minimizing non-target effects 2. Author Information Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Angelique D. Dahlberg Institution: Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota Address: 135 Skok Hall, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108, USA Email: edge0023@umn.edu ORCID: 0000-0001-9965-3017 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Diane L. Waller Institution: U. S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Address: 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA Email: dwaller@usgs.gov ORCID: 0000-0002-6104-810X Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Todd J. Severson Institution: U. S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Address: 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA Email: tseverson@usgs.gov ORCID: 0000-0001-5282-3779 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Matthew T. Barbour Institution: U. S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Address: 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA Email: mbarbour@usgs.gov ORCID: 0000-0002-0095-9188 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Matthew Meulemans Institution: U. S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Address: 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA Email: mmeulemans@usgs.gov ORCID: 0000-0003-4584-8737 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Jeremy Wise Institution: U. S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Address: 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA Email: jwise@usgs.gov ORCID: 0000-0003-0184-6959 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Alex W. Bajcz Institution: Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota Address: 135 Skok Hall, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108, USA Email: bajcz003@umn.edu ORCID: Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Mark Jankowski Institution: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10 Address: 1200 6th Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101, USA Email: jankowski.mark@epa.gov Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Nicholas B. D. Phelps Institution: Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota Address: 135 Skok Hall, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108, USA Email: phelp083@umn.edu ORCID: 0000-0003-3116-860X 3. Date published or finalized for release: 4. Date of data collection: Datasets collected from partners between 20210601 and 20220901. 5. Geographic location of data collection: Non-target data were collected at Pelican Lake (Crow Wing County), Minnesota. Veliger data were collected at Lake Minnetonka, Minnesota. 6. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Funding was provided by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center (MAISRC) and the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR), and the State of Minnesota. Funding support for this project was also provided by U. S. Geological Survey, Ecological Missions Area, Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program. Funding for the MAISRC Zebra Mussel Research Fellowship that supported AD was provided by the Fletcher Family Foundation, Pelican Lakes Association of Crow Wing County, and Bay Lake Improvement Association. 7. Overview of the data (abstract): Copper in various forms can be toxic to aquatic organisms at high concentrations and has been used as a pesticide in lake management since the early 1900s. Managers have recently extended this use to control aquatic invasive species, including zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha). Because copper toxicity changes with changing concentrations of water chemistry parameters (e.g., pH, temperature, and other cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+), using the same copper concentration to target the same species in two different waterbodies could have different outcomes. However, past zebra mussel control projects have selected copper concentrations irrespective of water chemistry differences. We demonstrate, in a two-part study, how measuring water chemistry parameters and using the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM) can help predict a site-specific copper concentration that will kill zebra mussels while minimizing effects on non-target species. We first tested the application of the BLM for predicting the effects of a copper concentration on non-target species. We found that Daphnia magna (daphnia) had a 50% chance of survival at 9.50 µg Cu/L (i.e., the 50% lethal concentration, LC50), within our BLM-predicted range of 3.38-16.95 µg Cu/L LC50 values. Given the accuracy of our prediction, in the future, managers could make similar predictions and tailor copper concentrations to their management goals. Secondly, we measured zebra mussel larvae (veliger) mortality at added copper concentrations ranging from 0-191 µg Cu/L and assessed exposure–response using a logistic regression model that also included water chemistry parameters. This model can be applied to future projects; using it, managers can predict the amount of copper in a particular waterbody that will kill a predetermined proportion of zebra mussels and simultaneously predict what non-target effects to monitor or expect. -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: CC0 Universal 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: None 3. Was data derived from another source? No 4. Terms of Use: Data Repository for the U of Minnesota (DRUM) By using these files, users agree to the Terms of Use. https://conservancy.umn.edu/pages/drum/policies/#terms-of-use --------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW --------------------- 1. File List A. Filename: nontarget_exp.accdb Short description: Access database containing data from the non-target experiment. B. Filename: veliger_exp.accdb Short description: Access database containing data from the veliger experiment. C. Filename: coding.Rproj Short description: R project for coding for statistical analysis used in manuscript. D. Filename: coding.rmd Short description: R code (in markdown format) for statistical analysis used in manuscript. E. Filename: coding.html Short description: HTML knit version of all R coding used for statistical analysis used in manuscript. ***The following files are CSVs of tables within nontarget_exp.accdb and all contain data from the non-target experiment: F. Filename: nontarget_lu_treatments Short description: CSV file containing a list of the treatment categories and associated copper concentrations. G. Filename: nontarget_Tbl_Copper_ICP Short description: CSV file containing how much copper was added to each tank on which day. H. Filename: nontarget_Tbl_Fish Short description: CSV file listing how many of each fish species were in each copper exposure concentration. I. Filename: nontarget_Tbl_Inverts Short description: CSV file listing how many of each invertebrate species were in each copper exposure concentration. J. Filename: nontarget_Tbl_Mortality_Daphnia Short description: CSV file listing how many daphnia were alive and dead in each tank at each measurement point. K. Filename: nontarget_Tbl_Mortality_Fish Short description: CSV file listing how many of each fish species died on each day in each tank. L. Filename: nontarget_Tbl_Mortality_Invert Short description: CSV file listing how many zebra mussels, fatmuckets, and banded mystery snails died on each day measured in each tank. M. Filename: nontarget_Tbl_Source Short description: CSV file containing data on lake water chemistry from each day (both pre- and post-dose times). N. Filename: nontarget_Tbl_Tanks Short description: CSV file identifying which tank numbers belonged to which copper exposure treatment group. O. Filename: nontarget_Tbl_WaterChemistry_Alkalinity&Hardness Short description: CSV file containing alkalinity and hardness measurements. P. Filename: nontarget_Tbl_WaterChemistry_Avgs Short description: CSV file containing mean water temperatures, DO values, pH values, specific conductance measurements, and total ammonia nitrogen concentrations for each treatment group. Q. Filename: nontarget_Tbl_WaterChemistry_Tanks Short description: CSV file containing water temperatures, DO values, pH values, and specific conductance measurements for each tank on each day of the experiment. R. Filename: nontarget_Tbl_WaterChemistry_TotalAmmoniaNitrogen Short description: CSV file containing total ammonia nitrogen measurements (pre- and post-flush) from each tank on each day of the experiment. ***The following files are CSVs of tables within veliger_exp.accdb: S. Filename: veliger_tbl_cu Short description: CSV file containing copper concentrations from each jar throughout the experiment. T. Filename: veliger_tbl_jar Short description: CSV file containing information on jar treatment category, jar location, and jar exposure start and end times. U. Filename: veliger_tbl_lake Short description: CSV file containing information on jar source water (Lake Minnetonka). V. Filename: veliger_tbl_lake_chem Short description: CSV file containing DOC, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Alkalinity, and Hardness data from Lake Minnetonka. W. Filename: veliger_tbl_nh4 Short description: CSV file containing total ammonia nitrogen measurements from jars. X. Filename: veliger_tbl_tank Short description: CSV file containing comments on tank placement (tanks housed jars). Y. Filename: veliger_tbl_veliger_counts Short description: CSV file containing numbers of live and dead veligers from each jar. Z. Filename: veliger_tbl_water_chem Short description: CSV file containing pH, temperature, DO, and specific conductance from each jar throughout the experiment. ***Supplemental figures and tables (supplemental to the manuscript) AA. Filename: S1.pdf Short description: Mobile laboratory design for the nontarget experiment. AB. Filename: S2.pdf Short description: Pre- and post-experiment water chemistry metrics for water used in the nontarget experiment. AC. Filename: S3.pdf Short description: Mobile laboratory design for veliger experiment. AD. Filename: S4.pdf Short description: Schematic of jar arrangement within the mobile laboratory during the veliger experiment. AE. Filename: S5.pdf Short description: Water chemistry metrics for water used in the veliger experiment. AF. Filename: S6.pdf Short description: Nontarget organism survival in tanks exposed to different copper treatments (mean ± standard deviation concentrations) during the nontarget experiment. AG. Filename: S7.pdf Short description: Veliger survival in jars exposed to different copper treatments during the veliger experiment. 2. Relationship between files: Files A and B contain all available data. Files C-E contain data analysis. Files F-S are individual tables from File A, saved in CSV form. Files T-U are individual tables from File B, saved in CSV form. Queries are not included, but all data are available to recreate queries or develop new queries. Queries are retained in Files A and B. -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: ***See manuscript for full methods Non-target experiment We tested copper’s toxicity on different non-target organisms using water taken from Pelican Lake (Crow Wing County, MN, USA) inside a mobile laboratory.The test system consisted of 24 51.1 L tanks. The tanks (each containing multiple species, described below) were assigned to one of four copper treatments in a randomized block design: reference (untreated lake water, n = 6), “low” (10 µg Cu/L, n = 6), “medium” (25 µg Cu/L, n = 6), and “high” (40 µg Cu/L, n = 6). A randomized block design was used to avoid any potential effects of tank position (e.g., upper or lower row, closer or further from the cooling unit, etc.). The tanks were managed as a static renewal system and water was fully exchanged daily. Ambient copper concentration in filtered (0.45 µm) lake water was measured each day during tank exchange using a spectrophotometer (model: DR3900, Hach Company, Loveland, CO) and porphyrin test kits (product: 2603300, Hach Company). Variations in ambient copper concentrations were accounted for in our copper additions. Copper was applied as copper sulfate pentahydrate using the product EarthTec® QZ, a molluscicide registered with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Copper treatments were applied to the test tanks for 10 d followed by a 4 d post-exposure (PE) period to assess delayed mortality. We monitored dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, water temperature, specific conductance, alkalinity, and total ammonia nitrogen (ammonia) twice daily (before and after dosing). DO and pH were measured with a multi-parameter meter (Hach Company, Loveland, Colorado; model: HQ40d) equipped with a luminescent DO probe (Hach Company; model: LDO101) and a refillable glass pH probe (Hach Company; model: PHC705).To inform the BLM and identify dosing concentrations in lake water, we collected and filtered three 50 mL (0.45 µm mesh) water samples from Pelican Lake, near the intake hose to the mobile lab, 1 d before initial dosing and at the end of the study. DOC, SO42-, and chloride concentrations were measured by RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc. (Bloomington, MN; SM5130C dissolved organic carbon persulfate-ultraviolet method, ASTM D516-11 sulfate turbidimetric method, and SM4500-CL E chloride colorimetric method, respectively). Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ concentrations were measured at the Upper Midwest Environmental Science Center (UMESC) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES method). Hardness was measured via EDTA titration (American Public Health Association and others, 2012; method 3240 C). We assessed non-target mortality due to copper treatment for four invertebrate and three fish species. Invertebrates included zebra mussel adults, daphnia (Daphnia magna), fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea), and banded mystery snails (Viviparus georgianus). Fish taxa included largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus), and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). All organism handling followed the USGS-UMESC approved animal care and use plan and biosecurity plan, and all work was conducted with appropriate Minnesota state permitting requirements. One day before testing, adult zebra mussels (10-15 mm long) were collected from rocks in Pelican Lake by cutting their byssal threads with a scalpel. Mussels were placed into plastic, non-wicketed mesh bags (n = 25 mussels per bag; containment bag; Hubert Company, Harrison, Ohio). On the first day of testing, one bag with zebra mussels was indiscriminately placed into each of the 24 tanks. On day 10, without removing them from the tanks, we assessed survival visually (individuals with gaping shells were considered dead). At 4 d PE, mussels were again checked for mortality by applying gentle pressure to the valves. Mortality was defined as failure to resist opening when pressure was applied to open the valves, gaping valves, and no response to probing. Daphnia were cultured at the USGS Columbia Environmental Research Center (Columbia, MO) and transported to the mobile laboratory. Neonates (~24 h old) were pipetted into 24 PVC containment vessels (n = 20 per containment vessel, 100 mm long × 50 mm wide).Three containment vessels were indiscriminately placed in each tank. We counted live daphnia on days 4, 7, 10, and 4 d PE; live daphnia were identified by swimming movement. On days 4 and 7, we randomly selected one containment vessel from each treatment group (n = 4 per day) and counted live daphnia. On day 10, we again randomly selected one containment vessel from each treatment group (n = 4), removed those vessels and those counted on days 4 and 7 (total n = 12), and assessed survival. At 4 d PE, we removed all remaining containment vessels (n = 1 per treatment group or n = 4 total) and counted all remaining live daphnia. Banded mystery snails were collected from Pelican Lake and transferred to the mobile lab in lake water. Fatmucket juveniles were obtained from UMESC and transported to the field site in well water with an oxygen overlay. Banded mystery snails and fatmuckets were housed together in plastic dishpans (21.3 cm tall × 25.4 cm wide × 20.6 cm long, n = 10 per container for each species). The tops of the dishpans were left open, with non-wicketed mesh secured across them to keep the animals from escaping but allow for water movement. Each container had sieved sand (pore size 10 mm, ~800 mL) 25-50 mm deep along with ~10 (2.5-3.5 cm diameter) rocks, both sourced from the Pelican Lake shoreline. On 4 d PE, the fatmuckets and banded mystery snails were removed from tanks and assessed for mortality. Fatmucket mortality was defined as failure to resist opening and lack of physical response to probing. Banded mystery snail mortality was defined as no movement and lack of response to gentle pressure on the operculum. Largemouth bass were reared at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Genoa National Fish Hatchery, Genoa, WI. Bluegill and fathead minnow were reared at UMESC. Fish were transported to the site in plastic bags containing well water with an oxygen overlay. Fish were randomly distributed to treatment tanks (n = 10 individuals per tank for bluegill and fathead minnow; n = 15 for largemouth bass) with each tank housing two fish species. Because bluegill and fathead minnow were larger than largemouth bass, to reduce loading density, bluegill and fathead minnow were not placed in the same tanks. Fish mortality was assessed twice daily, once before dosing and once immediately after dosing. Fish were not held PE because of ongoing mortality in treatment and reference tanks. Veliger experiment Given unexpected field conditions in 2021, our study was completed over two years at two different lakes. The second part of the study took place on Lake Minnetonka (Hennepin County, MN, USA). We tested copper's toxicity to zebra mussel veligers held within Lake Minnetonka water in a mobile laboratory. The mobile laboratory was located on private property on the eastern side of North Arm Bay on the northeast side of the lake. The test system consisted of 4 L jars. Each jar held one containment vessel similar to that used for daphnia with the modification of 64 µm mesh only on the bottom. Jars were filled with 3 L of filtered lake water (64 µm mesh filter) and randomly assigned to one of seven treatments. Treatment groups included untreated lake water (“reference,” no copper added, n = 6) and 20, 60, 100, 140, 180, and 220 µg Cu/L (each n = 5). Background copper levels were measured by ICP-OES (model: 5110; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) and found to be below the level of detection (LOD; LOD = 2.5 µg Cu/L; n = 4). Copper was administered in the form of EarthTec® QZ on July 21, 2022. A 1 L stock solution of copper was mixed using the same methods as described for the non-target experiment. Exposure duration was 24 h and was followed by 24 h PE observation in untreated lake water to assess delayed mortality. We measured DO, pH, water temperature, specific conductance, and total ammonia nitrogen (ammonia) immediately after copper dosing, 24 h after dosing, and once during the post-exposure period using the same methods as in the non-target experiment. To inform the BLM and identify dosing concentrations in lake water, we collected and filtered three 50 ml (0.45 µm mesh) water samples from Lake Minnetonka. Water samples for DOC measurement were collected on July 20, 24, 28, and August 1, of 2022. DOC was analyzed by the University of Wisconsin-La Crosse. Water samples for Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ concentrations were collected on July 6, 13, 20, 24, 28, and August 1, 2022, and later analyzed by ICP-OES method at UMESC. Veligers were collected from a combination of vertical and horizontal plankton tows in North Arm Bay, Lake Minnetonka using a 30-cm diameter plankton net (64 µm mesh; Aquatic Research Instruments, Hope, ID). All tows were combined and evenly mixed into a veliger concentrate. Containment vessels received 10 mL of the veliger concentrate with approximately 247 live veligers. Following the 24 h post-exposure period, we assessed veliger mortality in all containment vessels. Each containment vessel was removed from the jar and back-sprayed with filtered (64 µm mesh) lake water into a beaker. A 1 mL sample of concentrated veligers was transferred to a Sedgewick Rafter slide for examination with a compound microscope at 40-100x magnification. We counted the number of live and dead veligers on each slide. All equipment was triple rinsed with filtered (64 µm mesh) lake water and wiped dry between samples from different containment vessels. 2. Methods for processing the data: Raw data were collected on paper, entered electronically, then reviewed for accuracy and completeness. Data organization and manipulation took place within MS Access and program R. See manuscript for analysis methods. 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: Microsoft Access (Files A and B) and software to read R code (Files C and D) and CSV files (Files F-AA). 4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: Included in methods (above or in manuscript). 5. Environmental/experimental conditions: Non-target experiment location Pelican Lake (Crow Wing County, MN; 3386.16 ha) is an oligotrophic, hardwater, seepage lake located in north-central Minnesota, USA. Zebra mussels were first confirmed in Pelican Lake in 2012 and are now widespread and abundant (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 2023). Veliger experiment location Lake Minnetonka (Hennepin County, MN; 5879 ha) is the largest lake within the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area in Minnesota, USA. The lake is a large system of interconnected basins with more than 200 km of shoreline. Zebra mussels were first confirmed in Lake Minnetonka in 2010 (Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 2023) and are now widespread and abundant. Experimental environment Both experiments took place within a USGS-owned mobile laboratory. Interior set-up configurations are discussed in the methods. 6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: Raw data were collected on paper, entered electronically, then reviewed for accuracy and completeness. 7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: Angelique D. Dahlberg; Waller, Diane L.; Severson, Todd J., Barbour, Matthew T.; Meulemans, Matthew; Wise, Jeremy K.; Bajcz, Alex W.; Jankowski, Mark; Phelps, Nicholas B. D. ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_exp.accdb & veliger_exp.accdb ------------------------------ Metadata are stored within the database. ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: coding.Rproj, coding.rmd, & coding.html ------------------------------ Code is annotated. Data are derived from ontarget_exp.accdb & veliger_exp.accdb; there are no unique data in this code. ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_lu_treatments ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 3 2. Number of cases/rows: 5 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: Treatments_ID = Unique ID for each tank Treatment = Treatment type (concentration) Copper added = Copper concentration added (µg/L) ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_Tbl_Copper_ICP ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 6 2. Number of cases/rows: 539 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: Day = Day of observation Dose = Whether a pre- or post-dose measurement Tank # = Tank # Treatment = Treatment category Cu (ppb) = Copper concentration added (µg/L) Notes = Notes ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_Tbl_Fish ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 6 2. Number of cases/rows: 16 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: ID Species_code = Species name Species_name = Species code Total_perTank = Total number of fish kept in a tank Total_perTreatment = Total number of fish used in each treatment Treatment_id = Treatment ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_Tbl_Inverts ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 5 2. Number of cases/rows: 12 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: ID Species_name Total_perTank Total_perTreatment Treatment_id ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_Tbl_Mortality_Daphnia ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 12 2. Number of cases/rows: 56 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: daphnia_ID tank_fk Tank # Tank = the word 'TANK' plus a '-' and then the Tank Number Treatment Species Exposure Day # Placed # Live Adults # Neonates Survival = Percent survival (%) Date ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_Tbl_Mortality_Fish ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 10 2. Number of cases/rows: 672 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: mortfish_id tank_fk Tank # Tank Treatment Species_code Species_name Exposure Day Daily Mortality Date ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_Tbl_Mortality_Invert ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 9 2. Number of cases/rows: 96 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: MortInvert_ID Tank_fk Tank Tank # Treatment Species Exposure Day Daily Mortality Date ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_Tbl_Source ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 12 2. Number of cases/rows: 30 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: Source_ID = Unique ID for water chemistry data in the source (lake) Tank = Tank number Treatment = Treatment type (concentration) Date_raw = Date measured Date = converted date from date_raw Dosing = Whether the sample was measured pre- or post-copper dosing Temperature = Temperature (¬∞C) DO = Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) pH = pH in standard units Conductance = Specific Conductance (¬µS/cm @ 25¬∞C) Start_time = Time measurements initiated End_time = Time measurements concluded ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_Tbl_Tanks ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 4 2. Number of cases/rows: 24 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: Tank_ID = Unique ID for each tank Treatment_id = NA Tank_old = Tank number Tank = Tank number ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_Tbl_WaterChemistry_Alkalinity&Hardness ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 7 2. Number of cases/rows: 48 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: Alkalinity_ID = Unique ID for alkalinity and hardness data Day = Treatment day Replicate = Replicate number Alkalinity = Alkalinity measured in mg/L of CaCO3 Total Hardness = Total hardness measured in mg/L of CaCO3 Time = Time measured Date = Date measured ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_Tbl_WaterChemistry_Avgs ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 6 2. Number of cases/rows: 5 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: Treatment_id = Treatment type Avg Temp = Average temperature (¬∞C) Avg DO = Average dissolved oxygen (mg/L) Avg pH = Average pH in standard units Avg Conductance = Average specific conductance (¬µS/cm @ 25¬∞C) Avg TAN = Average total ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_Tbl_WaterChemistry_Tanks ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 9 2. Number of cases/rows: 720 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: TankWaterChem_ID = Unique ID for water chemistry data in each tank Source_fk = fk to source id Tank_fk = fk to tank id Tank_old = Tank number Treatment = Treatment type (concentration) Temperature = Temperature (¬∞C) DO = Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L) pH = pH in standard units Conductance = Specific Conductance (¬µS/cm @ 25¬∞C) ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: nontarget_Tbl_WaterChemistry_TotalAmmoniaNitrogen ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 8 2. Number of cases/rows: 80 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: TAN_ID = Unique ID for total ammonia nitrogen in each tank Day = Treatment day Flush = Whether measurement was pre- or post-flush Treatment = Treatment type (concentration) Tank = Tank number TAN = Total ammonia nitrogen (mg/L) Time = Time measured Date = Date measured ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: veliger_tbl_cu ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 9 2. Number of cases/rows: 82 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: Cu_dosing_id = lab_id = ID for labwork tank_id = Tank number (tanks contained jars) jar_id = Jar number date_nbr = Date (num form) Date = Date (date form) measuredCu = Measured copper (Œºg/L) null_reason = Reason for missing values; LOQ values = 7.6 Œºg/L, LOD values = 2.5 Œºg/L calculatedCu = Calculated/ actual copper (Œºg/L) (measuredCu x acid DF, where acid DF =1.077); LOQ and LOD values given threshhold point ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: veliger_tbl_jar ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 2. Number of cases/rows: 40 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: jar_id = Jar number tank_id = Tank number (tanks contained jars) cuGroup = Copper dosing group ID cuDose = Copper dose applied (Œºg/L) custartDate = Date copper exposure began custartTime = Time copper exposure began cuendDate = Date copper exposure ended cuendTime = Time copper exposure ended cuendComments = Comments about copper dosing ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: veliger_tbl_lake ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 2 2. Number of cases/rows: 1 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: ID = ID lake_name = Lake Name ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: veliger_tbl_lake_chem ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 10 2. Number of cases/rows: 48 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: Bay = Lake bay name Location = Nearby buoy num/ location notes Date = Date DOC (mg/L) = DOC (mg/L) Ca = Ca concentration (mg/L) K = K concentration (mg/L) Mg = Mg concentration (mg/L) Na = Na concentration (mg/L) Alkalinity = Alkalinity measured in mg/L of CaCO3 Hardness = Total hardness measured in mg/L of CaCO3 ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: veliger_tbl_nh4 ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 7 2. Number of cases/rows: 40 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: jar_id = Jar number tank_id = Tank number (tanks contained jars) nh4Date = NH4 observation date nh4StartTime = NH4 observation start time nh4endTime = NH4 observation end time NH4 = mg/L nh4Comments = Comments about NH4 readings ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: veliger_tbl_tank ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 2 2. Number of cases/rows: 12 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: Tank_id = Tank number (tanks contained jars) Comments ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: veliger_tbl_veliger_counts ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 9 2. Number of cases/rows: 57 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: Initials = Observer initials Date = Date jar_id = Jar ID Sample = NMD presented finer scale data and we added sample # for her veliger counts. NBD and EE are null Start time = Start time (for counting) End time = End time (for counting) # alive = # alive counted # dead = # dead counted Comments = Observer comments ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: veliger_tbl_water_chem ------------------------------ 1. Number of variables: 9 2. Number of cases/rows: 82 3. Missing data codes: missing data are left as blanks 4. Variable List: tank_id = Tank ID jar_id = Jar number Date = Observation date Time = Observation time (approximate) pH = pH Temp = Water temperature (C) DO = Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) specCond = Mean specific conductance (¬µS/cm at 25 C) (¬µS/cm at 25 C) Comments = Comments ------------------------------ DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 ------------------------------ These are supplemental figures and tables for the manuscript associated with this repository.