This readme.txt file was generated on Aug 8 2021 by the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM) Recommended citation for the data: Palmer, M. S. (2021). Data Supporting Reactive anti-predator behavioral strategy shaped by predator characteristics [Data set]. Data Repository for the University of Minnesota (DRUM). https://doi.org/10.13020/8RKP-K493 ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- 1. Title of Dataset: Data Supporting Reactive anti-predator behavioral strategy shaped by predator characteristics 2. Author Information Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Meredith S Palmer Institution: University of Minnesota Lion Research Center Current Institution: Princeton University Address: 106A Guyton Ln, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA Email: palme516@umn.edu, mspalmer@princeton.edu ORCID: 0000-0002-1416-1732 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Craig Packer Institution: University of Minnesota Lion Research Center Address: 1987 Upper Buford Cir, St Paul, MN 55108 Email: packer@umn.edu ORCID: 0000-0002-3939-8162 3. Date published: 2021-08-06 4. Date of data collection: 2015-06-01 to 2016-10-31 5. Geographic location of data collection: South Africa (various reserves) 6. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: National Science Foundation: GRFP #00039202, PRFB #1810586 7. Overview of the data (abstract): Large mammalian herbivores use a diverse array of strategies to survive predator encounters including flight, grouping, vigilance, warning signals, and fitness indicators. While anti-predator strategies appear to be driven by specific predator traits, no prior studies have rigorously evaluated whether predator hunting characteristics predict reactive anti-predator responses. We experimentally investigated behavioral decisions made by free-ranging impala, wildebeest, and zebra during encounters with model predators with different functional traits. Here, we provide data from 365 trials between the focal herbivore species and models of African lion (Panthera leo), spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus), African wild dog (Lycaon pictus), and two non-threatening controls (impala Aepyceros melampus and Thomson's gazelle Eudorcas thomsonii). -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 United States, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/ 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: Palmer MS & Packer C. (2021) Reactive anti-predator behavioral strategy shaped by predator characteristics. PLOS ONE:(In Press) 3. Was data derived from another source? If yes, list source(s): N/A 4. DRUM Terms of Use: By using these files, users agree to the Terms of Use. https://conservancy.umn.edu/pages/drum/policies/#terms-of-use --------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW --------------------- 1. File list A. File name: AntiPredData.csv Short description: Combined data and metadata for each trial Size: 3.810Mb Format: CSV file -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- A complete description of methods used to collect, QC, and process these data and the conditions under which the data were collected can be found in Palmer MS & Packer C. (2021) Reactive anti-predator behavioral strategy shaped by predator characteristics. PLOS ONE:(In Press) ----------------------------------------- DATA-LEVEL FILE DESCRIPTION: AntiPredData.csv ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 28 2. Number of cases/rows: 22,444 3. Missing data codes: 4. Variable List PKEY: Unique identifier for each individual trial VIDEO.ID: Name of associated video record; named as "PKEY_DATE_FOCALSPECIES" SPECIES: Focal species of herbivore in trial (either IMPALA, WILDEBEEST, or ZEBRA) MODEL: Species of predator or control model used (either CHEETAH, CONTROL, LION, HYENA, or WILD DOG) RESERVE: Location trial took place (either PHINDA/THANDA, PILANESBERG, or TSWALU - NO LION) DATETIME: Date and time at which trial was started (South African Standard Time) FOCAL: For each trial, up to three focal individuals were monitored. This column records which focal individual (Focal 1, Focal 2, or Focal 3) is associated with the following behavioral information VARIABLE: Response variables, either "Bark", "Flee", "Forage", "Group", "Inspect", "Look Opp", "Snort", "Vigilance", "Walk Away", or "Total Time" (referring to total length of trial). Descriptions of various behaviors can be found in Palmer & Packer 2021. GROUP: How response was quantified, either "Durations" (how long lasted, in seconds), "Latencies" (how long until performed, in seconds), or "Frequencies" (number of times performed) VALUE: Value of quantified response, in seconds if Duration or Latency or count if Frequency M/F/J: If males, females, or juveniles were present in the focal herd HABITAT: Habitat in the surrounding 50 m in which the trial took place (either "OPEN" or "SHRUB", described in Palmer & Packer 2021) ROADDIST: Distance from focal herd to the nearest road, in m MIXED.SPP: If other large herbivore species (wildebeest, zebra, or impala) were present within 100 m of the focal herd TOTABUND: Total number of individuals of the focal species in the focal herd STOT/TAIL.FLAG: For impala, whether the focal individual performed stotting or tail flagging behaviors during the experimental trial (for all other species that are morphologically incapable of performing these behaviors, "NA") HUNTING: Hunting strategy of predator depicted in the model, either "COURSING" or "AMBUSH" for predator models or "CONTROL" for control models SOCIAL: Social strategy of predator depicted in the model, either "SINGLE" or "GROUP" for predator models or "CONTROL" for control models HEIGHT: Height of predator model in m MASS: Average mass of adult female of prey species in kg DENSITY: Raw density of predators at each site (described in Palmer & Packer 2021) SUCCESS: Capture success rate of predators for each focal species (described in Palmer & Packer 2021) CHOICE: Predator preference for each focal species (described in Palmer & Packer 2021)