This readme.txt file was generated on 2022-12-19 by Julia Leone and updated on 2024-03-15 by Shannon Farrell Recommended citation for the data: Leone, Julia B; Pennarola, Nora P; Larson, Jennifer L; Oberhauser, Karen; Larson, Diane L. (2022). Data for divergent responses of butterflies and bees to burning and grazing management in tallgrass prairies, 2016-2017. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota. https://doi.org/10.13020/03xq-5y30. ----------------- 2024-03-15 UPDATE ----------------- The Leone et al. 2022_MasterData.xlsx file has been updated as the percent sand was underreported by 12.5%. The values have been corrected in the revised MasterData file. The Archival Data.zip has been similarly revised. The original dataset is still available at: https://hdl.handle.net/11299/250148.1 ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- 1. Title of Dataset: Data for divergent responses of butterflies and bees to burning and grazing management in tallgrass prairies, 2016-2017 2. Author Information Author Contact: Julia B Leone (leone050@umn.edu) Name: Julia B Leone Institution: University of Minnesota Email: leone050@umn.edu Name: Nora P Pennarola Name: Jennifer L Larson Name: Karen Oberhauser Name: Diane L Larson 3. Date published or finalized for release: 2022-12-12 4. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date): 2016-06-15 to 2017-08-18 5. Geographic location of data collection (where was data collected?): Prairie Parkland Province of Western Minnesota 6. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: The Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund (ENRTF) Prairie Biotic Research, Inc. 7. Overview of the data (abstract): We studied the impacts of fire and grazing management on butterfly and bee abundance and species richness in tallgrass prairies. This dataset consists of data collected at 10 burned and 10 grazed Minnesota remnant prairies during the summers of 2016 and 2017. We measured insect data (butterfly and bee species richness and abundance), vegetation data (plant species richness, forb frequency, native and invasive graminoid frequency), site characteristics (proportion of sand in the soils, percent of prairie within 1.5 km of each site, site area), and management characteristics (management type (burned or grazed), cattle stocking rate, time since last fire, number of years each site was managed) at sites owned and managed by the Minnesota DNR, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, The Nature Conservancy, and private landowners. These data are associated with Leone et al. (2022). Divergent responses of butterflies and bees to burning and grazing management in tallgrass prairies. Ecology and Evolution. 12(12) e9532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9532. In association with this paper, we hope these data will assist land managers and conservationists in protecting and managing native grasslands and contribute to our understanding of bee and butterfly responses to fire and grazing management practices. -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: Attribution 3.0 United States (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/) 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: Leone JB, Pennarola N, Larson JL, Oberhauser K, Larson DL. (2022). Divergent responses of butterflies and bees to burning and grazing management in tallgrass prairies. Ecology and Evolution. 12(12) e9532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9532 3. Was data derived from another source? No If yes, list source(s): 4. Terms of Use: Data Repository for the U of Minnesota (DRUM) By using these files, users agree to the Terms of Use. https://conservancy.umn.edu/pages/drum/policies/#terms-of-use --------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW --------------------- File List Filename: Leone et al. 2022_MasterData.xlsx Short description: Master data file including bee and butterfly abundance and species richness, site, plant, and management data collected from remnant prairie sites in 2016 and 2017. Metadata tab included with descriptions of each data type. Filename: Leone et al. 2022_BeeSpeciesData.xlsx Short description: Bee abundance data by species and site, used for nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS). Filename: Leone et al. 2022_ButterflySpeciesData.xlsx Short description: Butterfly abundance data by species and site, used for nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS). 2. Relationship between files: Each file was used for a separate set of analyses. -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: Each site was surveyed for bees and butterflies 3 times in summer 2016 and 3 times in summer 2017. Butterfly abundance was measured during timed transect walks, Butterfly species richness was measured during time transect walks plus timed meandering walks. Bee abundance was measured from bee bowls (30 per site). Vegetation was surveyed once during 2016 or 2017 using nested plots along the same transects where bees and butterflies were surveyed. Site and management data were collected from land managers. 2. Methods for processing the data: We summed butterfly and bee abundance from three survey visits per site over 2 years (2016, 2017). Bee abundance was adjusted to account for the loss of bee bowls due to cattle at grazed sites, calculated as [(total no. of bees collected/total no. of bowls retrieved)*90]. Subsets of bee and butterfly abundance were calculated by sorting data by species traits such as ground-nesting or prairie-associated or by behaviors such as nectaring. Species richess was estimated using the Chao 2 estimator (Chao 1984, Colwell and Coddington 1994). 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: We used R 3.6.2 and PCOrd v. 7.08 to analyze data. 4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: NA 5. Environmental/experimental conditions: We alternated between morning and afternoon surveys for the same sites. We conducted insect surveys between 09:30 h and 18:30 h, when temperatures were above 20°C, sustained winds were less than 20 km/h, and cloud cover was <70% with no precipitation. 6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: We used a relational database structure in MySQL to minimize data redundancy and error, and checked data for outliers and errors throughout. 7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: all authors plus field and lab technicians Grant Piepkorn, Karin Jokela, Kathryn Schmidt, Larissa Mottl, Madison Rancor, and Grace Haynes. Sam Droege helped with general bee identification and Zach Portman with bumble bee identification. ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Leone et al. 2022_MasterData.xlsx ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 21 2. Number of cases/rows: 39 3. Missing data codes: NULL 4. Variable List A. Name: SiteName Description: Unique alphanumeric code for each site. B denotes burned sites and G denotes grazed sites. B. Name: MgmtType Description: The type of management used at a site from 2005-2017. B denotes burned sites and G denotes grazed sites. C. Name: Year Description: The year in which data collection took place. D. Name: TotalHectares Description: The total size, in hectares, of a study site. E. Name: TimeSinceBurn Description: The number of years since the site was last burned. F. Name: StockingRate Description: The average Animal Unit Month (AUM, or the number of cow-calf units the site could support per month) at each grazed site for available years of stocking rate history, 2005–2015. G. Name: VegRichness Description: Species richness of all plant species sampled along transects once/year H. Name: TotalForbFreq Description: The frequency of forbs sampled along transects once/year I. Name: InvGram Description: The combined frequency of two invasive, thatch-forming graminoids (Poa pratensis and Bromus inermis), sampled along transects once/year J. Name: NativeGramFreq Description: The frequency of native graminoids sampled along transects once/year K. Name: PctPrairie Description: 0%–100% prairie in surrounding 1.5 km site buffer L. Name: PropSand Description: 0–1 proportion sand within each site M. Name: Chao2Butterflies Description: Butterfly species richness measure from timed transect and meandering walks across three sampling periods each year, calculated using the Chao 2 estimator. N. Name: NumButterflies Description: The number of butterflies observed during timed transect walks across three sampling periods each year. O. Name: NumNonMonarchs Description: The number of non-monarch butterflies observed during timed transect walks across three sampling periods each year. P. Name: NumPrairieSpecialistGrassFeeders Description: The number of prairie-associated grass-feeding butterflies observed during timed transect walks across three sampling periods each year. Q. Name: NumResourceUsers Description: The number of butterflies observed using site resources (ie. not just flying through) during timed transect walks across three sampling periods each year. R. Name: NumBees Description: The number of bees observed in bowl traps across three sampling periods each year. S. Name: Chao2Bees Description: Bee species richness measure from bowl traps and timed netting walks across three sampling periods each year, calculated using the Chao 2 estimator. T. Name: NumBeesSoil Description: The number of soil-nesting bees observed in bowl traps across three sampling periods each year. U. Name: Chao2BeesSoil Description: Bee species richness measure from bowl traps and timed netting walks across three sampling periods each year, calculated using the Chao 2 estimator. ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Leone et al. 2022_BeeSpeciesData.xlsx ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 4 2. Number of cases/rows: 675 3. Missing data codes: not applicable 4. Variable List A. Name: (column A) Description: Unique numeric ID B. Name: Binomial Description: Latin binomial (genus species) for each observed bee species C. Name: Site Name Description: Site name coresponding to sites names in master data file where bee species were observed D. Name: Adjusted abundance Description: Bee abundance adjusted to account for loss of bee bowls at grazed sites where cattle were present. Calculated as: (total number of bees collected/total number of bowls retrieved) * 90, rounded to the nearest integer ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Leone et al. 2022_ButterflySpeciesData.xlsx ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 24 2. Number of cases/rows: 33 3. Missing data codes: not applicable 4. Variable List A. Name: CommonName Description: Butterfly common name for each species observed. B. Name: SpeciesID Description: First three letters of butterfly genus + first three letters of butterfly species for each unique observed butterfly species. C. Name: Burned Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at sites managed with fire. D. Name: Grazed Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at sites managed with grazing. E. Name: B-1 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site B-1. F. Name: G-1 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site G-1. G. Name: B-2 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site B-2. H. Name: G-2 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site G-2. I. Name: B-3 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site B-3. J. Name: G-3 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site G-3. K. Name: B-4 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site B-4. L. Name: B-5 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site B-5. M. Name: G-4 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site G-4. N. Name: B-6 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site B-6. O. Name: G-5 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site G-5. P. Name: B-7 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site B-7. Q. Name: G-6 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site G-6. R. Name: G-7 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site G-7. S. Name: B-8 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site B-8. T. Name: G-8 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site G-8. U. Name: B-9 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site B-9. V. Name: G-9 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site G-9. W. Name: B-10 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site B-10. X. Name: G-10 Description: Number of each butterfly species observed at site G-10.