This readme.txt file was generated on 2024-05-06 by George Heimpel Recommended citation for the data: Heimpel, George E; Abram, Paul K; Causton, Charlotte E; Celis, Sabrina L; Coll, Moshe; Hardy, Ian CW; Mangel, Marc; Mills, Nicholas J; Segoli, Michal. (2024). Heimpel et al. BRI model in Excel and R code. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota. https://doi.org/10.13020/DE0Y-6P48 ------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- 1. Title of Dataset: Biological control benefit-risk analysis; Heimpel et al. Ecological Applications 2. Author Information Author Contact: George E Heimpel (heimp001@umn.edu) Name: George E Heimpel Institution: University of Minnesota Email: heimp001@umn.edu ORCID: 0000-0001-9721-5320 Name: Paul K Abram Institution: Institution: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Email: paul.abram@agr.gc.ca ORCID: Name: Charlotte E Causton Institution: Charles Darwin Research Station Email: charlotte.causton@fcdarwin.org.ec ORCID: Name: Sabrina L Celis Institution: University of Minnesota Email: celis009@umn.edu ORCID: Name: Moshe Coll Institution: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Email: moshe.coll@mail.huji.ac.il ORCID: 0000-0002-7614-5068 Name: Ian CW Hardy Institution: University of Helsinki Email: ian.hardy@helsinki.fi ORCID: 0000-0002-5846-3150 Name: Marc Mangel Institution: University of Bergen Email: msmangel@ucsc.edu ORCID: Name: Nicholas J Mills Institution: University of California Email: nmills@berkeley.edu ORCID: Name: Michal Segoli Institution: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Email: msegoli@bgu.ac.il ORCID: 3. Date published or finalized for release: 2024-05-06 4. Date of data collection (single date, range, approximate date): N/A (no data, just theory) 5. Geographic location of data collection (where was data collected?): N/A 6. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: Israel Institute of Advanced Studies, Organization for Economic Development and Co-operation 7. Overview of the data (abstract): The release of biological control agents has been an important means of controlling invasive species for over 150 years. While these releases have led to the sustainable control of over 250 invasive pest and weed species worldwide, a minority have caused environmental harm. A growing recognition of the risks of biological control led to a focus on risk assessment beginning in the 1990s along with a precipitous decline in releases. While this new focus greatly improved the safety of biological control, it came at the cost of lost opportunities to solve environmental problems associated with invasive species. A framework that incorporates benefits and risks of biological control is thus needed to understand the net environmental effects of biological control releases. We introduce such a framework, using native biodiversity as the common currency for both benefits and risks. The model is based on interactions among four categories of organisms: (i) the biological control agent, (ii) the invasive species (pest or weed) targeted by the agent, (iii) one or more native species that stand to benefit from the control of the target species, and (iv) one or more native species that are at risk of being harmed by the released biological control agent. Conservation values of the potentially benefited and harmed native species are incorporated as well, and they are weighted according to three axes: vulnerability to extinction, the ecosystem services provided, and cultural significance. Further, we incorporate the potential for indirect risks to native species, which we consider will result mainly from the ecological process of agent enrichment that may occur if the agent exploits but does not control the target pest or weed. We illustrate the use of this framework by retrospectively analyzing the release of the vedalia beetle, Novius (= Rodolia) cardinalis, to control the cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi, in the Galapagos Islands. While the framework is particularly adaptable to biological control releases in natural areas, it can also be used in managed settings, where biological control protects native species through the reduction of pesticide use. -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: CC0 1.0 Universal (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: Heimpel, G.E., P.K. Abram, S. Celis, C.E. Causton, M. Coll, I.C.W. Hardy, M. Mangel & M. Segoli. A framework for risk-benefit analysis of biological control introductions. Ecological Applications; Accepted. 3. Was data derived from another source? No If yes, list source(s): 4. Terms of Use: Data Repository for the U of Minnesota (DRUM) By using these files, users agree to the Terms of Use. https://conservancy.umn.edu/pages/drum/policies/#terms-of-use --------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW --------------------- File List Filename: Heimpel et al. Ecological Applications App3.xlsx Short description: Appendix 3: Excel Spreadsheet Filename: BRI paper equations.R Short description: R code for BRI analysis 2. Relationship between files: Both files run the equations that are presented in the paper, but the Excel file is for use with particular case studies, and the R file is for sensitivity analysis. -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: N/A 2. Methods for processing the data: N/A 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: Basic familiarity with the use of embedded formulas and the addition of rows is needed for the excel file, and the R file was prepared in Rstudio and can be run with R or Rstudio. 4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: N/A 5. Environmental/experimental conditions: N/A 6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: files were proofread for accuracy 7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis and/or submission: the authors of the paper (listed above) —------------------------------------- R SESSION INFO —------------------------------------- >sessionInfo() R version 4.2.0 (2022-04-22 ucrt) Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit) Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 19045) Matrix products: default locale: [1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.utf8 LC_CTYPE=English_United States.utf8 LC_MONETARY=English_United States.utf8 LC_NUMERIC=C [5] LC_TIME=English_United States.utf8 attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base other attached packages: [1] Hmisc_5.0-1 reshape2_1.4.4 ggplot2_3.3.6 loaded via a namespace (and not attached): [1] Rcpp_1.0.10 pillar_1.7.0 compiler_4.2.0 plyr_1.8.8 base64enc_0.1-3 tools_4.2.0 rpart_4.1.16 digest_0.6.29 evaluate_0.20 [10] checkmate_2.1.0 htmlTable_2.4.1 lifecycle_1.0.1 tibble_3.1.7 gtable_0.3.0 pkgconfig_2.0.3 rlang_1.0.6 cli_3.6.0 rstudioapi_0.13 [19] xfun_0.38 fastmap_1.1.0 gridExtra_2.3 knitr_1.42 withr_2.5.0 dplyr_1.0.9 stringr_1.4.0 cluster_2.1.3 htmlwidgets_1.5.4 [28] generics_0.1.2 vctrs_0.4.1 nnet_7.3-17 grid_4.2.0 tidyselect_1.1.2 data.table_1.14.8 glue_1.6.2 R6_2.5.1 fansi_1.0.3 [37] rmarkdown_2.21 foreign_0.8-82 Formula_1.2-5 purrr_0.3.4 farver_2.1.0 magrittr_2.0.3 htmltools_0.5.5 backports_1.4.1 scales_1.2.0 [46] ellipsis_0.3.2 colorspace_2.0-3 labeling_0.4.2 utf8_1.2.2 stringi_1.7.6 munsell_0.5.0 crayon_1.5.1 > ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: Heimpel et al. Ecological Applications App3.xlsx ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 20 (the 14 listed in Table 3 of the paper, and 3 weighting variables for the conservation values for the beneficiary and non-target species). 2. Number of cases/rows: N/A 3. Missing data codes: N/A Code/symbol Definition Code/symbol Definition 4. Variable List A. Name: Itar Description: Impact of the biological control agent on the target species. Range: 0 - 1. B. Name: Ij Description: Impact of the biological control agent on the harmed species j. Range 0 - 1. C. Name: Q(BC(+)) Description: Quantity of benefited taxon in the presence of biological control. Range: >0 D. Name: Q(BC(-)) Description: Quantity of benefited taxon in the absence of biological control. Range: >0 E. Name: CVvu(i) Description: Vulnerability Conservation Value of benefited taxon i. Range: 0 - 1. F. Name: CVes(i) Description: Ecosystem Services Conservation Value of benefited taxon i. Range: 0 - 1. G. Name: CVcs(i) Description: Cultural Significance Conservation Value of benefited taxon i. Range: 0 - 1. H. Name: CVvu(j) Description: Vulnerability Conservation Value of harmed taxon j. Range: 0 - 1. I. Name: Cves(j) Description: Ecosystem Services Conservation Value of harmed taxon j. Range: 0 - 1. J. Name: CVcs(j) Description: Cultural Significance Conservation Value of harmed taxon j. Range: 0 - 1. K. Name: wvu(i) Description: weight for vulnerability of benefited species i. Range: 0 - 1 (all wi must sum to 1) L. Name: wes(i) Description: weight for ecosystem servicesof benefited species i. Range: 0 - 1 (all wi must sum to 1) M. Name: wcs(i) Description: weight for cultural significance of benefited species i. Range: 0 - 1 (all wi must sum to 1) N. Name: wvu(j) Description: weight for vulnerability of harmed species j. Range: 0 - 1 (all wj must sum to 1) O. Name: wes(j) Description: weight for ecosystem services of harmed species j. Range: 0 - 1 (all wj must sum to 1) P. Name: wcs(j) Description: weight for cultural significance of harmed species j. Range: 0 - 1 (all wj must sum to 1) Q. Name: Psnt(j) Description: Physiological suitability of non-target species j for the agent. Range: 0 - 1. R. Name: Pent(j) Description: Ecological availability of non-target species j for the agent. Range: 0 - 1. S. Name: sigma Description: Strength of indirect interactions. Range: 0 - 1. T. Patar Description: Probability of successful attack of target species. Range 0 - 1.