------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- Suggested Citation: San Juan, Jorge E; Wei, William G; Yang, Judy Q. (2022). Flow and clay erosion data taken and processed at SAFL in a grid-turbulence tank Summer 2022. Retrieved from the Data Repository for the University of Minnesota, https://doi.org/10.13020/c86d-cw15. 1. Title of Dataset: Flow and clay erosion data taken and processed at SAFL in a grid-turbulence tank Summer 2022 2. Author Information Principal Investigator Contact Information Name: Judy Q. Yang Institution: University of Minnesota Twin Cities Address: St. Anthony Falls Laboratory Room 376 2 3rd Ave SE Minneapolis, MN 55414 Email: judyyang@umn.edu ORCID: 0000-0001-6272-1266 Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: Jorge E. San Juan Institution: University of Minnesota Twin Cities Address: St. Anthony Falls Laboratory Room 390 2 3rd Ave SE Minneapolis, MN 55414 Email: jsanjuan@umn.edu ORCID: 0000-0003-0848-150X Associate or Co-investigator Contact Information Name: William G. Wei Institution: University of Minnesota Twin Cities Address: St. Anthony Falls Laboratory Room 364 2 3rd Ave SE Minneapolis, MN 55414 Email: wei00235@umn.edu ORCID: 0000-0001-5511-9242 3. Date published or finalized for release: 2022-10-03 4. Date of data collection: 20220727-20220825 5. Geographic location of data collection: Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA 6. Information about funding sources that supported the collection of the data: National Science Foundation grant EAR 2150796 7. Overview of the data: Here we present a dataset containing raw imaging and processed data of clay erosion and near-bed turbulence. This dataset supports our study of the impact of salinity and consolidation on the microstructure and erosion threshold of cohesive sediments. The flow and erosion measurements were taken inside a grid-turbulence tank at the St. Anthony Falls Laboratory at the University of Minnesota Twin Cities. We set the water salinity at a prescribed concentration in part-per-thousands and two clay consolidation conditions (unconsolidated and consolidated after 17 hours) for each experimental case. Here we incorporate detailed near-bed turbulence measurements to quantify the erosive effect of the turbulent water flow. We also include laponite (smectite clay)'s surface erosion from laser-induced fluorescence and image processing. -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: CC0 1.0 Universal 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: To be determined. 3. Was data derived from another source? No, it was not. 4. Terms of Use: Data Repository for the U of Minnesota (DRUM) By using these files, users agree to the Terms of Use. https://conservancy.umn.edu/pages/drum/policies/#terms-of-use --------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW --------------------- 1. File List A. Filename: cons_0p090M_rep02.zip Short description: Compressed zip file containing the captured images of the consolidated clay bed's surface at a clay concentration of 5%w/w and water salinity 5 ppt (ionic strength of 0.09 M). Images are organized in folders corresponding to 5-minutes of capturing time at a prescribed motor-grid oscillation frequency. Folders are labeled after the motor frequency reading. The accompanying CSV file key_rpm_vs_kt.csv indicates the corresponding spatial-averaged turbulent kinetic energy level of each motor frequency reading. All images were taken at a 1Hz rate. B. Filename: mean_structural_similarity.zip Short description: Compressed zip file containing series of mean structural similarity index (ssim) as a function of turbulent kinetic energy (kt). Each text file within the folder corresponds to a consolidation case (labeled "cons" or "uncons" for consolidated or unconsolidated clay, respectively) and salinity condition (labeled in ionic strength concentration [M] as in "0pXXXXM", where "p" replace the period mark). Also, each text file contains series mean structural similarity index from each replica measured (labeled as ssimXX). It contains two new experimental conditions (salinity 5ppt and 10ppt), expanding on the data set from https://doi.org/10.13020/vxrv-7e20. C. Filename: salinity-vs-kcrit_cons.txt Short description: A text file containing the series of critical turbulent kinetic energy (kcrit) for consolidated clay erosion as a function of water salinity in part-per-thousands (ppt). Updated version from https://doi.org/10.13020/vxrv-7e20. D. Filename: salinity-vs-kcrit_uncons.txt Short description: A text file containing the series of critical turbulent kinetic energy (kcrit) for unconsolidated clay erosion as a function of water salinity in part-per-thousands (ppt). Updated version from https://doi.org/10.13020/vxrv-7e20. E. Filename: salinity-vs-taucrit_cons.txt Short description: A text file containing the series of critical bed shear stress (taucrit) for consolidated clay erosion as a function of water salinity in part-per-thousands (ppt). Updated version from https://doi.org/10.13020/vxrv-7e20. F. Filename: salinity-vs-taucrit_uncons.txt Short description: A text file containing the series of critical bed shear stress (taucrit) for unconsolidated clay erosion as a function of water salinity in part-per-thousands (ppt). Updated version from https://doi.org/10.13020/vxrv-7e20. 2. Relationship between files: The files presented here show clay erosion measurements, where the moving water drove the erosion of the clay samples. -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: Clay erosion measurements were collected using a laser-induced fluorescence technique. Using a Particle Image Velocimetry system, we fluorescently labeled the clay samples and captured images of the clay surface through increasingly energetic flow conditions inside the turbulence tank. 2. Methods for processing the data: Processed Clay images were processed through python and Matlab to obtain a series of mean structural-similarity indices. 3. Instrument- or software-specific information needed to interpret the data: None. 4. Standards and calibration information, if appropriate: None. 5. Environmental/experimental conditions: We tested 4 new erosion conditions expanding on the data set from https://doi.org/10.13020/vxrv-7e20: 2 water salinity concentrations (5 and 10 ppt) and 2 consolidation conditions (unconsolidated and 17-hour consolidation). Each erosion test consisted of 16 increments of flow energy conditions with turbulent kinetic energy from 0 to 13 cm2/s2. 6. Describe any quality-assurance procedures performed on the data: Each experimental condition (combination of water salinity and clay consolidation) was replicated 3 times to quantify the standard error. 7. People involved with sample collection, processing, analysis, and/or submission: Jorge E. San Juan, William G. Wei, and Judy Q. Yang. ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: cons_0p090M_rep02.zip (key_rpm_vs_kt.csv) ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 1 2. Number of cases/rows: 16 3. Missing data codes: N/A 4. Variable List A. Name: turbulence tank's grid oscillation frequency Description: Frequency reading in the motor driving the oscillating grid. Label in filename: "motor_XXpX" (letter "p" indicates the period mark) ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: mean_structural_similarity.zip ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 2 2. Number of cases/rows: 15 3. Missing data codes: N/A 4. Variable List A. Name: mean structural-similarity index Description: Measurement of image similarity between the undisturbed clay sample and the eroding clay sample. Label in text file: "ssimXX [1]" B. Name: turbulent kinetic energy Description: Spatial-averaged turbulent kinetic energy measured near the bed of a grid-turbulence tank. Label in text file: "kt [cm2/s2]" ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: salinity-vs-kcrit_cons.txt ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 3 2. Number of cases/rows: 7 3. Missing data codes: N/A 4. Variable List A. Name: salinity Description: Water salinity in parts-per-thousands. Label in text file: "salinity [ppt]" B. Name: Critical turbulent kinetic energy Description: Critical spatially-averaged turbulent kinetic energy for clay erosion measured near the bed of a grid-turbulence tank. Label in text file: "kcrit [cm2/s2]" C. Name: Standard error Description: Standard error of the critical turbulent kinetic energy for clay erosion. Label in text file: "std error [cm2/s2]" ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: salinity-vs-kcrit_uncons.txt ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 3 2. Number of cases/rows: 7 3. Missing data codes: N/A 4. Variable List A. Name: salinity Description: Water salinity in parts-per-thousands. Label in text file: "salinity [ppt]" B. Name: Critical turbulent kinetic energy Description: Critical spatially-averaged turbulent kinetic energy for clay erosion measured near the bed of a grid-turbulence tank. Label in text file: "kcrit [cm2/s2]" C. Name: Standard error Description: Standard error of the critical turbulent kinetic energy for clay erosion. Label in text file: "std error [cm2/s2]" ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: salinity-vs-taucrit_cons.txt ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 3 2. Number of cases/rows: 7 3. Missing data codes: N/A 4. Variable List A. Name: salinity Description: Water salinity in parts-per-thousands. Label in text file: "salinity [ppt]" B. Name: Critical bed shear stress Description: Critical spatially-averaged bed shear stress for clay erosion measured near the bed of a grid-turbulence tank. Label in text file: "taucrit [N/m2]" C. Name: Standard error Description: Standard error of the critical bed shear stress for clay erosion. Label in text file: "std error [cm2/s2]" ----------------------------------------- DATA-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR: salinity-vs-taucrit_uncons.txt ----------------------------------------- 1. Number of variables: 3 2. Number of cases/rows: 7 3. Missing data codes: N/A 4. Variable List A. Name: salinity Description: Water salinity in parts-per-thousands. Label in text file: "salinity [ppt]" B. Name: Critical bed shear stress Description: Critical spatially-averaged bed shear stress for clay erosion measured near the bed of a grid-turbulence tank. Label in text file: "taucrit [N/m2]" C. Name: Standard error Description: Standard error of the critical bed shear stress for clay erosion. Label in text file: "std error [N/m2]"